光伏组件可调节式夹具设计及试验研究

机械载荷试验作为考查光伏组件可靠性的重要手段之一,新版IEC标准中对于该项测试的要求也变得更加细致。本文介绍了一种光伏组件机械载荷测试的可调节式安装夹具设计,并根据标准IEC 61215-2:2016中静态机械载荷试验的要求,利用该夹具测试了两块不同版型的光伏组件。本设计夹具表现出良好的普适性与测试可靠性,测试结果表明破损程度直接导致光伏组件发电性能的降低,而其内在原因可能在于内部电阻的变化。     

The determination and matching analysis of pinch point temperature difference in evaporator and condenser of organic rankine cycle for mixed working fluid

Exergo-economic analysis of the pinch point temperature difference (PPTD) in both evaporator and condenser of sub-critical organic Rankine cycle system (ORCs) are performed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Taking mixture R13I1/R601a as a working fluid and the annual total cost per net output power Z as exergo-economic performance evaluation criterion, the effects of PPTD in evaporator ΔT_e, and the PPTD ratio of condenser to evaporator y, on the exergo-economic performance of ORCs are analyzed. Moreover, how some other parameters influence the optimal PPTD in evaporator ΔT_e,opt and the optimal PPTD ratio of condenser to evaporator y_opt are also discussed. It has been found that the exergo-economic performance of ORCs is remarkably influenced by ΔT_e and y, and there exists ΔT_e,opt and y_opt. In addition, ΔT_e,opt and y_opt are affected by heat transfer coefficient ratio of condenser to evaporator ß, the temperature of working fluid at dew point in condenser T_1a, and composition of R13I1/R601a: larger ß and T_1a lead to lower ΔT_e,opt and y_opt; by contraries, larger mass fraction of R13I1 makes ΔT_e,opt and y_opt increase, and y_opt increases linearly. The effects of the temperature of working fluid at bubble point in evaporator T_3a, mass flow rate of exhaust flue gas m_g, and inlet temperature of exhaust flue gas T_gi on ΔT_e,opt and y_opt are very slight. For comparison, three additional working fluids, namely R601a, R245fa, and 0.32R245fa/0.68R601a, are also taken into account.     

Efficacy of Si fertilization to modulate the heavy metals absorption by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Silicon-based fertilizers and soil amendments can have direct and indirect positive influences on cultivated plants. The solid forms of Si-based substances, the most widespread in use, are efficient only at high application rates due to their low level of solubility. Several types of Si-based substances such as fumed silica, slags from the iron and steel industry, modified slags, and a Si-rich product were tested using barley and pea as silicon accumulative and non-accumulative plants, respectively, at two application rates. The plants were grown under toxic concentrations of heavy metals in a greenhouse. Si-rich materials high in water-soluble Si had a positive effect at both the low and high application rates, and for both plant species. This type of substance can be regarded as Si fertilizer, demonstrating greater efficiency at a low application rate and lessened efficiency at a high application rate for protection of the cultivated plants against accumulation of the heavy metals.

     

Manganese-modified biochar for highly efficient sorption of cadmium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, corn stalk was modified by manganese (Mn) before (MBC1) and after (MBC2) pyrolysis at different temperatures (400~600 °C)...     

Pollination ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eomecon chionantha</Emphasis> Hance (Papaveraceae), an endemic species in China

Eomecon chionantha Hance, the only species in the genus Eomecon, is an angiosperm species endemic to China. Here we investigated the pollination syndrome, pollinator generalization of E. chionantha. Our results showed that the individual flower longevity of E. chionantha was 3–5 days. The flowering phenology of E. chionantha can be divided into five phases. We found significant differences in the pollination efficiency of the different insects visiting E. chionantha with bees and flies being the most efficient pollinators. This, in addition to floral morphology and phenology, suggests that E. chionantha is generalized on bees and flies and possesses an outcrossing, partially self-compatible and pollinator-dependent breeding system.     

Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合吸收-铁粉还原再生脱除NO性能

利用Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合吸收-铁粉间歇还原再生脱除NO并回收氨资源的方法,实验研究了铁粉还原再生Fe(Ⅱ)(NO)EDTA的过程及其影响因素。结果表明,以0.015 mol/L的Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA做吸收剂,在起始p H 5.5、温度323K条件下吸收400×10-6~500×10-6的NO,脱除率95%以上;铁粉还原再生Fe(Ⅱ)(NO)EDTA过程可用缩芯模型阐释;铁粉添加量与搅拌强度直接决定了铁粉质点数量,是影响反应的重要因素;实验中Fe(Ⅱ)(NO)EDTA络合液150 m L,氧气含量为5%时,搅拌速度900 r/min、粒径为0.12 mm的铁粉浓度5.3 g/L、温度353 K、p H=6为最适宜再生条件。     

鄱阳湖克氏原螯虾的分布现状及其群体外部形态聚类分析

克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)作为外来入侵物种，对淡水水生生物的多样性已构成严重威胁为国内外学者所共识。有鉴于此，本项目通过对环鄱阳湖湖盆地域9县（市）计12个调查点进行样本采集，并对其多个形态学指标进行测量和数据聚类分析，以探讨克氏原螯虾在该地域的地理分布现状。研究结果表明，克氏原螯虾在鄱阳湖湖盆地域已占据一定的生态地位，并呈现全湖广泛分布及泛滥孳生趋势，已形成对其他水生生物多样性和生态系统稳定的潜在威胁；聚类分析结果显示，鄱阳湖克氏原螯虾群体外部形态上分为两个类群，即星子县、永修县、共青城市群体为一类，鄱阳县、新建县、余干县群体聚成一类，两类群似不存在地域上的交叉，但尚不能说明这两类群为完全不同的群体。同时，提出了防控克氏原螯虾的可行性建议     

Optimization of bio-drying of kitchen waste: inoculation,initial moisture content and bulking agents

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Bio-drying has been proved to be a promising method for treatment of MSW (municipal solid waste) and sewage sludge due to its high energy...     

基于小流域尺度的目标抗生素排放量估算方法——以梅江流域为例

抗生素的大量使用和排放造成的环境污染和生态风险问题日益突出,抗生素排放量的估算是评价流域内抗生素污染程度的重要指标,但目前抗生素排放量估算方法尚不完善。本研究以梅江流域为例,建立了适合小流域尺度的典型抗生素排放量估算方法,计算了四环素类抗生素(TCs)向不同环境相的排放量并分析了其主要来源。结果表明:2016年梅江流域TCs排放量为8 558.1 kg,不同行政区抗生素排放量差异较大,其中梅江镇受人口密度及养殖密度影响,抗生素排放量最大,高达1 224.4 kg;同时流域内不同抗生素的排放量也有所不同,其大小顺序为强力霉素(DXC)土霉素(OTC)四环素(TC)金霉素(CTC);TCs受排放源、排放途径等因素影响,以进入环境水相及土壤相为主,其中进入水相中的抗生素主要来自人类及生猪粪便,进入土壤相中的抗生素主要来自生猪及三黄鸡粪便。梅江小流域抗生素具有潜在的生态风险,应加强抗生素使用管理。该研究为我国小尺度流域目标抗生素排放量的估算提供了十分有效的方法。     

PM_(2.5)对人肺癌细胞A549迁移、侵袭能力的增强作用

为探讨PM_(2.5)(particulate matter 2.5)对人肺癌细胞A549迁移、侵袭能力的影响并探讨相关机制,采用含有不同浓度PM_(2.5)的无血清及抗生素培养液对A549细胞培养72 h,利用MTT法检测A549细胞的增殖抑制率。根据MTT实验结果,选择适当的PM_(2.5)暴露浓度用于后续实验,以细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭能力,Western Blotting法检测细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、转录因子snail和slug、基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)及胞核内β-链蛋白(β-catenin)的蛋白表达水平。结果显示:细胞划痕实验结果显示10μg·m L-1PM_(2.5)组A549细胞划痕创面愈合率为(46.34%±5.19%),与对照组比较显著增高(P<0.05);transwell小室法迁移和侵袭实验结果显示10μg·m L-1PM_(2.5)组穿膜细胞数平均为(165.67±6.62)个和(47.83±2.04)个,与对照组比较显著增多(P<0.05);Western Blotting实验结果显示PM_(2.5)(10μg·m L-1)可显著上调A549细胞cyclin D1、snail、slug、MMP-2、MMP-9和胞核内β-catenin蛋白表达水平。因此,PM_(2.5)可通过提高Wnt/β-catenin通路活性及其下游cyclin D1、snail、slug、MMP-2和MMP-9的蛋白表达而增强A549细胞的迁移、侵袭能力。